What Is Angina And What Is The Cure Essays - RTT,

What is Angina? And What is the Cure? QUESTION: What is Angina? And what is the cure? RESPONSE: Angina refers to the pain arising from lack of adequate blood supply to the heart muscle. Typically, it is a crushing pain behind the breastbone in the center of the chest, brought on by exertion and relieved by rest. It may at times radiate to or arise in the left arm, neck, jaw, left chest, or back. It is frequently accompanied by sweating, palpitations of the heart, and generally lasts a matter of minutes. Similar pain syndromes may be caused by other diseases, including esophagitis, gall bladder disease, ulcers, and others. Diagnosis of angina begins with the recognition of the consistent symptoms. Often an exercise test with radioactive thallium is performed if the diagnosis is in question, and sometimes even a cardiac catheterization is done if the outcome is felt necessary to make management decisions. This is a complex area which requires careful judgment by physician and patient. Angina is a manifestation of coronary artery disease, the same disease leading to heart attacks. Coronary artery diseas refers to those syndromes caused by blockage to the flow of blood in those arteries supplying the heart muscle itself, i.e., the coronary arteries. Like any other organ, the heart requires a steady flow of oxygen and nutrients to provide energy for rmovement, and to maintain the delicate balance of chemicals which allow for the careful electrical rhythm control of the heart beat. Unlike some other organs, the heart can survive only a matter of minutes without these nutrients, and the rest of the body can survive only minutes without the heart--thus the critical nature of these syndromes. Causes of blockage range from congenital tissue strands within or over the arteries to spasms of the muscular coat of the arteries themselves. By far the most common cause, however, is the deposition of plaques of cholesterol, platelets and other substances within the arterial walls. Sometimes the buildup is very gradual, but in other cases the buildup is suddenly increased as a chunk of matter breaks off and suddenly blocks the already narrowed opening. Certain factors seem to favor the buildup of these plaques. A strong family history of heart attacks is a definite risk factor, reflecting some metabolic derangement in either cholesterol handling or some other factor. Being male, for reasons probably related to the protective effects of some female hormones, is also a relative risk. Cigarette smoking and high blood pressure are definite risks, both reversible in most cases. Risk also increases with age. Elevated blood cholesterol levels (both total and low density types) are risks, whereas the high density cholesterol level is a risk only if it is reduced. Possible, but less well-defined factors include certain intense and hostile or time-pressured personality types (so-called type A), inactive lifestyle, and high cholesterol diets. Medications are increasingly effective for symptom control, as well as prevention of complications. The oldest and most common agents are the nitrates, derivatives of nitroglycerine. They include nitroglycerine, isosorbide, and similar agents. Newer forms include long acting oral agents, plus skin patches which release a small amount through the skin into the bloodstream over a full day. They act by reducing the burden of blood returning to the heart from the veins and also by dilating the coronary arteries themselves. Nitrates are highly effective for relief and prevention of angina, and sometimes for limiting the size of a heart attack. Used both for treatment of symptoms as well as prevention of anticipated symptoms, nitrates are considered by many to be the mainstay of medical therapy for angina. The second group of drugs are called "beta blockers" for their ability to block the activity of the beta receptors of the nervous system. These receptors cause actions such as blood pressure elevation, rapid heart rate, and forceful heart contractions. When these actions are reduced, the heart needs less blood, and thus angina may be reduced. The newest group of drugs for angina is called the calcium channel blockers. Calcium channels refer to the areas of the membranes of heart and other cells where calcium flows in and out, reacting with other chemicals to modulate the force and rate of contractions. In the heart, they can reduce the force and rate of contractions and electrical excitability, thereby having a calming effect on the heart. Although their final place in heart disease remains to be seen, they promise to play an increasingly important role. When medications are unsuccessful, or if there is concern about an impending or potential heart attack,

Ten of the most in demand jobs for 2019

Ten of the most in demand jobs for 2019 As we make our way into 2019, you may be thinking about what your next step is, career-wise. If you’re looking to make some changes, here are some of the hottest and fastest-growing jobs and fields to consider. Medical Services ManagerThe job outlook doesn’t get much hotter than in healthcare right now. And with booms in technology and an aging population, it’s a field that will be growing for decades to come. Medical services managers, also known as healthcare administrators, hold a lot of power and responsibility for the nation’s healthcare. They work in hospitals or other medical facilities and coordinate medical and health services for patients. They provide the infrastructure for medical personnel to work with patients, and may manage a clinic, an entire hospital, or a group of physicians.These managers handle administrative tasks and ensure that medical care follows healthcare laws, regulations, and technology. The demand for medical services managers is expected to grow 20% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: A bachelor’s degree is recommended, an d a background in healthcare is an asset.What they make: The median annual salary is $98,350, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Nursing AssistantWith much of the Baby Boomer population aging and needing advanced medical care, nursing assistants provide valuable boots-on-the-ground services. These aides help provide basic medical care in hospitals or other medical facilities, like nursing homes. Tasks may include helping patients with everyday tasks (like feeding, bathing, or dressing), transporting patients, and preparing patients for treatments or procedures. The demand for nursing assistants is expected to grow 11% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: Completion of a nursing assistant educational or training program, plus passing a certification exam.What they make: The median annual salary is $27,510, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Fitness TrainerOn the everyday end of the health and wellness trend are professionals like fitness trainers. Trainers help people develop and maintain fitness and wellness plans, teach fitness classes, and educate clients on healthy lifestyle choices. The demand for fitness trainers is expected to grow 10% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: A high school diploma or equivalent, plus on-the-job training. Trainers may also need to pass a certification test, depending on your state’s requirements. You should also be in good physical condition.What they make: The median annual salary is $39,210, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Software DeveloperTechnology rules our lives, and the information sector job outlook is growing as well. Software developers are responsible for the design and user experience of various computer programs and systems. The demand for software developers is expected to grow 24% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: Software developers typically have a bachelor’s degree in information technology or a related field.What they make: The median annual salary is $103,560, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.StatisticianStatisticians help manage the data of everyday life and help turn it into meaningful, actionable information. Statisticians can be found in government agencies or private industries, gathering data and using theories and models to predict outcomes and guide decision-making. They typically combine mathematical expertise and technology to wrangle data. The demand for statisticians is expected to grow 33% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: Statisticians typically have a master’s degree in statistics or mathematics, although you may be able to start with a bachelor’s degree in one of these fields.What they make: The median annual salary is $84,760, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Nurse PractitionerNursing is a field where there’s a continuous need for qualified professionals, and nurse practitioners are one of the most in-demand segments of the nursing population. Nurse practitioners are advanced nurses who can provide specialized care, similar to physicians. Nurse practitioners provide primary or secondary care, and in some cases can prescribe medications and treatments. The demand for nurse practitioners is expected to grow 33% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: Nurse practitioners typically have a master’s degree in a nursing specialty, and must also pass a national certification exam, plus meet state licensing requirements. Each state has its own requirements, so be sure to check your own state’s.What they make: The median annual salary is $110,930, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Occupational Therapy AssistantIn occupational therapy, patients work on a prescribed recovery plan to recover from illness or injury, including working on daily skills or physical strength. Therapists and their assistants work directly with these patients, developing and implementing treatment plans as well as physically assisting patients. The demand for occupational therapy assistants is expected to grow 28% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: Occupational therapy assistants typically have an associate’s degree from an accredited occupational therapy assistant program, plus on-the-job training. Individual states may have different licensing requirements, so be sure to check yours.What they make: The median annual salary is $56,690, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Market Research AnalystCompanies rely on customer and market data to make crucial business decisions. This is where market research analysts come in. These professionals take raw data and apply knowledge of the industry, customer base, and other factors to determine trends, pricing, and customer reaction. The demand for market research analysts is expected to grow 23% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: Market research analysts typically have a bachelor’s degree in marketing or economics, although some advanced positions may require a master’s degree. A strong set of math and analytical skills is essential as well.What they make: The median annual salary is $63,230, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Construction LaborerIf you’re looking for a career that’s more hands-on, the construction industry will continue to grow this year. Construction laborers work on building or construction sites, doing physical labor to build or repair. The demand for construction laborers is expected to grow 12% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: There is usually no specific educational requirement for entry-level construction worker jobs, although there is usually an on-the-job training component to develop skills and practice safety. This is also a very physically demanding job, so you should be able to perform heavy physical tasks.What they make: The median annual salary is $33,450, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.Medical TechnicianNot all essential healthcare roles are found in doctors’ offices or hospital clinics; some are way behind the scenes. Working in laboratories, medical technicians (also known as medical lab scientists or medical lab technicians) process samples and analyze bodily fluids or other biological materials. The demand for medical technicians is expected to grow 13% by 2024, per the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.What you’ll need: Medical technicians typically need an associate’s degree or a certificate from a certified training program, plus completion of a licensing process. Individual states may have different licensing requirements, so be sure to check yours.What they make: The median annual salary is $51,770, according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.If 2019 has you itching for a new path in your career, there are lots of growing, thriving industries that could be a fantastic fit for you and your goals.

10 Fascinating Facts About Spiders

10 Fascinating Facts About Spiders Spiders: some people love them, some people hate them. Regardless of if youre an arachnophile or an arachnophobe, youll find these 10 facts about spiders fascinating. 1. Spider Bodies Have Two Parts: A Cephalothorax and an Abdomen All spiders, from tarantulas to jumping spiders, share this common trait. The simple eyes, fangs, palps, and legs are all found on the anterior body region, called the cephalothorax. The spinnerets reside on the posterior region, called the abdomen. The unsegmented abdomen attaches to the cephalothorax by means of a narrow pedicel, giving the spider the appearance of having a waist. 2. With the Exception of One Family, All Spiders Are Venomous Spiders use venom to subdue their prey. The venom glands reside near the chelicerae, or fangs, and are connected to the fangs by ducts. When a spider bites its prey, muscles around the venom glands contract, pushing venom through the fangs and into the animal. Most spider venom paralyzes the prey. The spider family Uloboridae is the only known  exception to this rule. Its members do not possess venom glands. 3. All Spiders Are Predators Spiders hunt and capture prey. The majority feed on other insects and other invertebrates, but some of the largest spiders may prey on vertebrates such as birds. The true spiders of the order Araneae comprise the largest group of carnivorous animals on Earth. 4. Spiders Can't Digest Solid Foods Before a spider can eat its prey, it must turn the meal into a liquid form. The spider exudes digestive enzymes from its sucking stomach onto the victims body. Once the enzymes break down the tissues of the prey, it sucks up the liquefied remains, along with the digestive enzymes. The meal then passes to the spiders midgut, where nutrient absorption occurs. 5. All Spiders Produce Silk Not only can all spiders make silk, but they can do so throughout their life cycles. Spiders use silk for many purposes: to capture prey, to protect their offspring, to assist them as they move, for shelter, and to reproduce (more on that in a moment). Not all spiders use silk the same way. 6. Not All Spiders Spin Webs Most people associate spiders with webs, but some spiders dont construct webs at all. Wolf spiders, for example, stalk and overtake their prey, without the aid of a web. Jumping spiders, which have remarkably good eyesight and move quickly, have no need for webs, either. They simply pounce on their prey! 7. Male Spiders Use Modified Appendages Called Pedipalps to Mate Spiders reproduce sexually, but males use an unusual method to transfer their sperm to a mate. The male first prepares a silk bed or web, onto which he deposits sperm. He then draws the sperm into his pedipalps, a pair of appendages near his mouth, and stores the semen in a sperm duct. Once he finds a mate, he inserts his pedipalp into her genital opening and releases his sperm. 8. Males Risk Being Eaten by Their Female Mates Females are typically larger than their male counterparts. A hungry female may consume any invertebrate that comes along, including her suitors. Male spiders sometimes  use courtship rituals to identify themselves as mates and not meals. Jumping spiders, for example, perform elaborate dances from a safe distance and wait for the females approval before approaching. Male orb weavers (and other web-building species) position themselves on the outer edge of the females web, and gently pluck a thread to transmit a vibration. They wait for a sign that the female is receptive before venturing closer. 9. Spiders Use Silk to Protect Their Eggs Female spiders deposit their eggs on a bed of silk, which they prepare just after mating. Once a female produces the eggs, she covers them with more silk. Egg sacs vary greatly, depending on the type of spider. Cobweb spiders make thick, watertight egg sacs, while cellar spiders use a minimum of silk to encase their eggs. Some spiders produce silk that mimics the texture and color of the substrate on which the eggs are laid, effectively camouflaging the offspring. 10. Spiders Don't Move by Muscle Alone Spiders rely on a combination of muscle and hemolymph (blood) pressure to move their legs. Some joints in spider legs lack extensor muscles entirely. By contracting muscles in the cephalothorax, a spider can increase the hemolymph pressure in the legs, and effectively extend their legs at these joints. Jumping spiders jump using a sudden increase in hemolymph pressure that snaps the legs out and launches them into the air.

Public and User Involvement in Health Care Essay

Public and User Involvement in Health Care - Essay Example Some recently published official reports admit that the government could not effectively convince people to give up bad health behaviours like consumption of unhealthy food and alcoholic beverages. Evidently this health trend would negatively contribute to the overall wellbeing of the UK population, and the government would lose millions of pounds for nothing. This paper will describe why educating people on the health risks of certain behaviours may not necessarily help reduce such risks. To make the points clear, this paper will give particular attention to certain behaviours like alcohol addiction, smoking, substance abuse, fast food consumption, premarital sex, and sexual promiscuity. The UK government spends a notable percent of its revenues on health awareness programmes with intent to eliminate future healthcare costs. The government tries to promote positive health messages mainly through television Ads because majority of the UK citizens spend a considerable amount of their time on TV programmes. The UK government jointly operates with many social interest organisations to control unhealthy behaviours like alcohol consumption and smoking in the society. As part of these health campaigns, health authorities and other volunteer groups organise road shows and other major promotional events to influence people. While analysing the UK government’s health spending over the last few decades, it seems that the government spent largely on the promotion of healthy food patterns. Since 1997, the UK government has been introducing a series of high-profile health campaigns to improve food pattern, â€Å"including Health Action Zones in poor food areas, the five-a -day fruit and vegetables campaign, the school fruit programme, and the change4life campaign on obesity† (Hickman, . 2010). However reports indicate that spending of millions of pounds of public money on these health campaigns has had little effect on the overall public

Recommendation for APRN school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Recommendation for APRN school - Essay Example He/she has understood what life brings with it for him/her. The tenacity with which he/she has taken on the business courses is something to write home about. This is because he/she has been imparting much needed time towards his/her studies. Also the fact that he/she attained a GPA of 3.2 in the Associate Nursing Program suggests that he/she has got it in him/her to reach the top as the craving is very much in line with the dreams that he/she has seen for him/herself in the future. I have no doubts on the abilities of XYZ as I am a firm believer that he/she is a hard working individual who possesses immense talent and acts in an efficient and effective manner when working alongside in a team. He/she is a team player to the core and I can always trust XYZ for his/her talents and skills. He/she has an apt to learn quickly and gets the hang of things much faster than others. More than anything else, it is his/her desire to learn more and more which brings a refreshing change to our pediatric team and we are always striving to live up with the expectations that XYZ has with the team. I believe that XYZ is a wonderful nursing supervisor and she must be encouraged on a consistent basis so that she could fulfill her dream and reach at the top. Thus it gives me great pleasure in recommending XYZ to you as I believe he/she has the required talents for becoming an Advanced Nurse Practitioner. XYZ loves to help the community around him/her and perceives everybody as an active part of this. The reason for this is because his/her personality is nicely knitted together and there is little room for any weaknesses to settle in between. He/she would without a shadow of a doubt be the future or nursing all said and

An Unforgettable Experience Essay Example for Free

An Unforgettable Experience Essay Though there was an atmosphere of gaiety yet it was tinged with an air of melancholy and sadness. My class-mates and I were in their best dresses. This was the first time in I he span of twelve years that I was not wearing school uniform. We all occupied our seats and the function started. First of all, there was a ceremony of lighting the lamp which was inaugurated by the Principal of our school. Then the students of 12th class lighted their candles from the big lamp. It was followed by the students of 11th class that was hosting the party in our honour. After this ceremony, programmes of entertainment were put up for our amusement and recreation by the hosting party. There were the items of balloon-breaking with a foot, buns-eating hanging down a sting, musical chair and such other allied things. Some of them sang folk songs and danced a rig. After that the stage was left to us to present our items. While our programmes were going on, dainty dishes containing potato chips, pastry, samosa and rasgullas were served to all those who were present. Along with these delicacies, coffee was also served. Some of the students had torn themselves away from the assembly to collect autographs of their beloved teachers. There were speeches in English and Hindi delivered by the Principal and teachers. They all advised us not to do any such deed as to lower the prestige of the school. They told us that we should never forget our ammeter and her ideals. In the end, we were all wished a brilliant success not only in the forthcoming examination but in life also.’ Then we had a photograph spree. ‘There were class-wise photographs with their class teachers and the-Principal and also individual photographs. This continued till it was -the time for the school to break. And by and by all went back home with a sad heart caused by departure but with new hope’s to enter a wider world of new challenges of life.

Essay --

There are several interactions that happen between species. They include competition, mutualism, predation, parasitism, and disease. Each one of these can affect organisms either in a positive or negative way. These are all important for organisms to evolve and become the best fit of their species. Without these interactions species would never change and would die out very easily when faced with tough environments. Competition is always over the supply of a limited resource. There are two types of competition: intraspecific and interspecific. Intraspecific is competition between the same species. This is usually beneficial to the species as a whole because it results in the best fit organism. Interspecific is competition between different species and is known to be detrimental to both species. There are three principles that apply to competition. Competition exclusion principle is when two species live together and occupy the same niche and eventually one species will out compete the other and replace it in that environment. The second principle is niche overlap which means that when two species live together over a large area one species will replace the other in part of that area. The last principle, character displacement, is when two species live together and initially occupy the same niche they may evolve to become different over time in order to avoid competition. When more than one spec ies occupy the same niche and are very similar it is common for one of them to become specialized in that area. For example if two birds are eating the same food one may develop a different beak over time in order to hunt for a different food. Mutualism is another important species interaction. Mutualism is a relationship that is benefi... ... but similar areas. They put some in isolation and some went into a mixture of other species. It was discovered that the species in the mixture evolved more diversely than those that were in isolation. They also discovered that the mixture of species changed the way they used resources. This showed that the species that evolved together were more productive than the species in isolation. The final conclusion was that â€Å"species interactions can have a major effect on evolutionary dynamics, which can in turn influence ecosystems functioning† (Timothy G Barraclough). I found the academic journals to be the most helpful. They provided a lot of information. Academic journals are the most reliable source when writing a paper because they are peer reviewed and are accurate in a specified field. All my articles stated the same information so there were no inconsistences.