Smartphones, The, And The Adoption Rate Of Smartphones Essay

Background Smartphones are a type of phone that can perform many functions of a computer, typically having a touchscreen interface, Internet access, and an operating system that can run software applications. It can allow people to engage in those activities that they used to use on their Personal Computer while with more convenience in a mobile size. In 2008, only 10% of phones users in America are the smartphones users. But before the end of 2011, smartphones became the most popular phone device (Entner, 2010), and by 2013, smartphones overtook PCs as the most common Web access device, and the adoption rate of smartphones is 69% in developed countries today. [3] Mobile devices are becoming more and more commonly daily-used among the adult population in the United States and have a huge potential to advance clinical care. According to Rainie, smartphones are the majority (52%) of mobile devices owned by American adults. (Rainie, 2012) And 55% of American adults access the Internet by mobile phone (Rainie, 2012). This means mobile technology will be largely contributing to healthcare field - furthermore into mental health care. mHealth, which is growing rapidly and based on mobile applications downloaded to cell phones and handheld devices, gives a new image for delivering mental health treatment (Kazdin Blase, 2011). â€Å"There s an app for that.† This is Apple s slogan for its app store. Since the creation of Apple’s iTunes App store and Google’s Android app market inShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Telephone Handset Obsolescence in the US and the Emerging Market in Cuba1729 Words   |  7 PagesHandsets in the U.S. The levels of adoption and obsolescence of telephone handsets vary by demographic segment of the U.S. Using U.S. Census data to define the extent of consolidation shows the level of basic cell phone adoption and the very rapid adoption of smartphones throughout key demographic segments of Americans (U.S. Census Bureau, 2009). This distinction between cell phones, with basic functions of being able to dial and receive calls versus smartphones capable of more advanced tasks includingRead MoreGlobal Trade and Competition in Smartphones1307 Words   |  5 Pagesadvent of smartphones in the wireless industry has catered with an amazing alternative to laptops and PDAs. Smartphones provide services like voice and SMS coupled with mobile internet applications, multimedia functionality, high speed data processing capabilities, and inbuilt GPS capabilities. The Smartphone global market is expected to grow drastically in the upcoming few years; however, it incurs a lot many competition challe nges. These challenges are emerging due to the need for Smartphone manufacturersRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet On Consumer Shopping Habits873 Words   |  4 Pagesspecific reasons will be discussed. Penetration of smartphones + usage It’s no surprise that over the years, the percentage of individuals owning a smartphone has grown. In 2014, 55% of Canadians owned a smartphone. Jump to 2015, the penetration grew by 24% to an overall percentage of 68% (see Appendix I). This drastic increase in smartphone owners is significant as it shows how quickly the mobile revolution is progressing. A majority of smartphone users use location-based services. Despite concernsRead MoreSmartphones And Its Effect On Our Society1353 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of smartphones have become a norm in our society and its capabilities are evolving every year. The smartphones today are more powerful than some of the computers that were made a decade ago. The use of these phones have made an imprint on today’s social behaviors, for example, students take pictures of the teachers lecture notes, and can do research with just a few swipes on their mobile phones. With so many of these smart devices in use in our society ther e should be more examinationRead MoreIn The Past, To Buy A Smartphone You Had To Visit Your1134 Words   |  5 PagesIn the past, to buy a smartphone you had to visit your service provider’s store and they’d show you which options they had. As traditional wireless contracts become a thing of the past, customers are purchasing unlocked phones, which detaches from a provider and gives more control. Unlocked phones allow you to switch carriers as often as you wish at no additional cost (smarterware.org). Now you could purchase a phone from a third-party, now service provider’s urge us to bring in our own phone toRead MoreFinancial Implications Of Mobile Financial Service961 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasing loyalty while generating fees and messaging charges. Furthermore, smartphone-bankingindustry ismature toagreatextentthanearlierperiod.Ithasdevelopedsuperbimageintheirvarious activitiesincludingelectronicbanking.Nowmodernbankingserviceshavelaunched bysomemultinationalsandnewlocalprivatecommercialbanks.Novelty curiosity regarding the use of mobile banking services was mentioned in the survey as one trigger for adoption. The present results reflect the fact that mobile banking services are atRead MorePDA Case Study994 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant. First movers do not always have the advantage (Schilling, 2008). In the early 90s, a number of companies began developing PDAs and analysts predicted millions would be sold. However, ‘market confusion’ and technology challenges slowed PDA adoption. Many PDA companies simply ran out of money by 1994. 2. Could early PDA companies have done anything differently to survive? Stretching their investments to allow the market to warm up to the new PDA concept and time to resolve technical challengesRead MoreMobile Payment Technologies By Robert Warner1422 Words   |  6 Pages Mobile Payment Technologies Robert Warner ISM3011 Florida Atlantic University April 9, 2016 â€Æ' The advent of the internet-connected smartphone has opened up a whole new world for the consuming public as they now have access to the world of ecommerce in the palms of their hands. As more personal data became transferred to these mini computers, the competing interests of more intrusive applications continue to clash with the need for greater security and data integrity. One of these areas of conflictRead MoreA Report On Mobile Technology1294 Words   |  6 Pages(MDM). Although BYOD adoption is continuously increasing, only 1 percent of Schneider Electric employees have opted for BYOD enrollment on their personal mobile devices until now. The major factors contributing to low adoption of BYOD are the concerns and uncertainties around user activity tracking, logging and potential loss or leakage of personal data. Moreover, the current BYOD deployment does not support a large variety of popular mobile devices. Due to this, the adoption and usage of mobile applicationsRead MoreSmartphone Usage Among Students9120 Words   |  37 PagesCHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1. Introduction: Smartphone Usage Mobile phones nowadays are addressed as smartphone as they offer more advanced connectivity and computing ability than a normal cell phone. The term smartphone refers to a programmable mobile phone that offers advanced capabilities and features that help individuals in their daily work and personal life (Euromonitor, 2010). Smartphone basically is the combination of both cell phone and a PDA. 70% of the world’s population own at least

Parenting Styles and Child Rearing - 880 Words

Parenting style is very important in child rearing and can have consequences in the way that a child develops and can have long term effects on children and their personality later in life. Diana Baumrind developed her ideas of parenting styles and their effects by studying 100 preschool children and their parents. Although most of the subjects of her study were Californian middle class European Americans, thus not offering much diversity in her study, the results were very persuasive and interesting. Baumrind found that parents varied on four dimensions: expression of warmth, strength of discipline, communication, and expectation of maturity. Using these dimensions as the basis Baumrind developed three main classifications of parenting†¦show more content†¦Finally there is a fourth parenting style which isn’t grouped with the other three this is the neglectful/uninvolved parenting style which is described as an indifferent approach towards parenting where the parent isn’t aware of the child’s life, the parent is just uninvolved and doesn’t care to punish or praise the child. There are implications depending on the type of parenting style that was used on the child. If a child grew up with authoritarian parents for example would grow up to be well-behaved, obedient but unhappy, likely depressed, and would also likely leave home before the age of 20. Children that grow up with permissive parents would grow up to be dependent on parents living at home into adulthood, would lack emotional control, self-control and would be unhappy as adults. Finally the child that grows up with authoritative parents, it seems would grow up to be the best adjusted out of the three styles. A child with authoritative parents would be well adjusted, happy, generous, and successful. They are also well regarded by others especially in western individualistic societies. Now the text does warn that the parenting style which ends up working the best fo r each child should be dependent on various factors such as the child’s temperament, these are after all generalizations. Parenting styles and the consequences of parenting styles is very interesting because it can help parents ensure that their child grows up to be well adjusted. If parentsShow MoreRelatedParenting Styles Of Child Rearing937 Words   |  4 Pagesdifferent parenting styles of Child rearing which include, the uninvolved parent, the Authoritarian parent, the permissive parent, and the authoritative parent. Each style has different characteristic that can be beneficial or harmful to a child’s emotional and social development. The first child rearing style is the uninvolved parent which is exactly like it sounds. These parents aren’t engaged with their child and are emotionally detached, they make little to no demands and let their child do as theyRead MoreParenting Styles : Parental Child Rearing1262 Words   |  6 PagesParenting styles play an integral role in the development of a child. During the first few years of life, the parents assume a special role of importance as their child progresses through a unique period of human development. As parents guide their young children from complete dependence into the beginning stages of self autonomy, parenting styles can have both immediate and lasting effects of the child s social functioning in addition to their mental and physical development. In order to ensureRead MoreInvestigating The Relationship Between Parents On How They Deal With Child Rearing852 Words   |  4 Pagesinvestigate relationship between parents on how they deal with child-rearing as a couple wanting their child to become a well-rounded little person. Parents’ positive and negativism of excessive high standards tend to be negatively linked with indulgent parenting child rearing practices. â€Æ' Child Rearing in Infancy This research essay will focus on some of the thoughts and obstacles a parent might face in child rearing in infancy Parenting styles plays a pivotal role in the development, psychological andRead MoreThe Advantages and Disadvantages of Harsh-Heart and Easy-Going Parenting Styles1476 Words   |  6 Pagesdynamics. Although both forms of parenting are completely different, both ways have their own advantages and disadvantages. Well first off to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the parenting styles between the Harsh-Hearts and the Easy-Goings, their styles of child rearing must be categorized first. Child-rearing are combinations of parenting behaviors that occur over a wide range of situations. There are four different categories of combinations in child-rearing: authoritarian, authoritativeRead MoreChild Rearing Practices Essay877 Words   |  4 Pageswith their children as they raise them from infants to young adult. Child rearing can be very stressful and confusing if you don’t have an idea of what you’re doing. The importance of child rearing is clearly important. Parents want their children to succeed and grow up to be well-functioning adults. This paper will look into child rearing. Before we get into the child rearing practices, we must first look at what child rearing means and what it is. Here is a definition according to http//www.definitionsRead MoreChild Rearing Styles Are Different As The Parents Are1515 Words   |  7 Pages Nashika Turner 2/26/2015 DEP2004 Professor Hernandez Child rearing styles are as different as the parents are. Child rearing is a standout amongst the most difficult and troublesome obligations an individual can confront. The way a family is organized is known as the child rearing style. Child rearing styles are accumulations of parental state of mind, practices, and non-verbal interpretations that portray the way of guardian kid connections. Since people figure out how to parent from a wideRead MoreConsequences to Authoritarian Parenting 868 Words   |  4 Pagesoffers the prospect to influence the child regularly. Parenting styles figures in as a prime part of a child’s mental health and behaviour. Parenting refers to the parent’s actions and reactions to their child, including expectations, beliefs and values. Diana Baumrind (1971, 1991), psychologist, based parenting on two aspects including control and warmth. Baumrind used the combination of these aspects in different ways to identify the four styles of parentin g used today, consisted of, authoritativeRead MoreParenting Styles : Authoritarian, Permissive, Uninvolved, And Authoritative982 Words   |  4 PagesGood parenting is essential for a child’s educational and behavioral success and is a stressed trait throughout the world; however, in different cultures, good parenting can be defined and measured in many contrasting ways. In the United States, parenting and discipline methods have become controversial in the past fifty years, and the methods for raising children have drastically changed in some households. According to psychologist Diana Baumrind, there are four different parenting styles: authoritarianRead MoreChildren s Social And Emotional Development851 Words   |  4 Pageschildren, parents tend to develop certain parenting styles. These styles fall into four general categories that are defined by the behaviors the parents exhibit in most situations. One of the styles, that is thought to be the least desirable parenting style, is the authoritarian style. Laura Berk, author of Development Through the Lifespan, describes this style as uninvolved parents who are unaccepting and controlling of their children. This style of parenting produces children who have high levelsRead MoreThe Effects Of Parenting Styles And Its Effects On Preschoolers Growth1083 Words   |  5 Pagesto further understand the relationship between parenting styles and its effects on preschoolers’ growth, more specifically, their personalities and social development. The topics that will be discussed in the research paper are the effects of children’s temperament on parenting styles, specifically authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles, the personalities displayed by children and its correlation to each style, and the effects of child-rearing practices on preschoolers’ social development

English Language Practice Phrases for Bedtime and Morning

Knowing how to say good night and good morning is important for every English learner. Before going to bed and after waking up in the morning, its common to make  small talk  about sleeping. Here are the most common phrases used. Going to Bed In English, there are a variety of expressions to use when talking to someone before going to bed. Many involve wishing the other person a night of peaceful sleep and pleasant dreams: Good night.Sleep well.Have a good nights sleep.Make sure you  get a good nights sleep.I hope you sleep well.See you in the morning.Sweet dreams.Sleep tight!Night, night. Other expressions are more insistent, including those a parent might use to tell a restless child its time to go to sleep: Lights out!Time for bed! Example Dialogues Kevin: Good night.Alice: See you in the morning.Kevin: I hope you sleep well.Alice: Thank you. Make sure you get a good nights sleep as well.Kevin:  Get some good sleep. We have a big day tomorrow.Alice:  Okay, you too.Kevin:  Lights out!Alice:  Okay, Im going to sleep. Night, night.Kevin:  Im heading up to bed now.Alice:  Sleep tight! Waking Up The moment after waking up in the morning is another time when people make small talk. They often ask each other how they slept and how theyre feeling. Good morning.I hope you had a good nights sleep.I hope you got some good rest.Did you sleep well?Did you get  a good nights sleep?I slept well, how about you?How did you sleep?Did you have any dreams?Rise and shine. Example Dialogues Kevin: Good morning.Alice: Good morning. Did you sleep well?Kevin: I hope you had a good nights sleep.Alice: Yes, thank you,  I did. And you?Kevin:  Good morning, honey. I hope you got some good rest.Alice:  I did. How did you sleep?Kevin:  Good morning. Did you have any dreams?Alice:  I did. I had a strange dream and you were in it!Kevin:  Good morning.Alice:  Im still sleepy. I think Ill hit the snooze for ten minutes.Kevin: We dont want to miss our appointment, though.Alice:  Oh, I forgot about that.Kevin: Rise and shine. Other Common Sleeping and Waking Expressions English is filled with idioms related to sleeping and waking up. Learning some of these expressions will be especially helpful to English learners: Night owl: a person who likes to stay up lateEarly bird: a person who usually wakes up earlyTossing and turning: being restless and unable to sleep, usually after lying in bed for a long period of timeTo tuck someone in: to put someone to bed, usually by pulling the covers up over them so that they are warm and snugTo sleep like a baby: to sleep restfully, without any disturbancesTo hit the hay: to go to bedTo catch some Zs: to go to bedTo wake up on the wrong side of the bed: to be in a bad mood Example Dialogues Kevin:  I dont usually go to bed until 2 a.m.Alice:  You really are a night owl.Kevin:  Did you sleep well?Alice:  No, I was tossing and turning all night.Kevin:  Youre in a grumpy mood today.Alice:  I guess I woke up on the wrong side of the bed.Kevin:  I feel great this morning.Alice:  Me too. I slept like a baby.Kevin:  I feel exhausted after that long hike.Alice:  Yeah, you look pretty tired. Time to hit the hay.

Why Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal Everywhere - 1415 Words

Celina Pedisic Pedisic 1 Mrs. Vandeven ENG 3U 17 July 2015 Why Same Sex Marriage Should be Legal Everywhere If two people are happy with one another, they should be allowed to be together. Someone’s sex does not determine whom they can and cannot marry. The only difference between what we consider a ‘normal’ marriage and a gay marriage is simply by the genitalia that we have and the gender we identify as. We need to stop focusing on the gender of couples and start focusing on the love that they share. Same sex marriage should be legal everywhere because it is an issue of equal rights, it does not harm anyone and if love is legal, then so should same sex marriage. Imagine being unable to visit the love of your life in the hospital as they are fighting for their survival. Imagine watching everyone around you getting married and divorced and married again while you are not given the opportunity to get married once. This is a reality for so many same sex couples. Gay and lesbian couples want to get married for the same reasons straight couples do. A legal citizen should not be excluded from the same rights simply because of their sexual identification. Denying someone their rights based off of their sexual preference is like just like denying someone their rights based off of the color of their skin. In the 50’s, interracial marriage was illegal. How ever, modern society understands this to be an unjust law that denied equal rights, and that is exactlyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Same-Sex Marriage and Adoption Should Be Legal703 Words   |  3 PagesSame-sex marriage and adoption should be legal, it should be allowed in every state, every where. As of 2014, only 17 states have legalized marriage rights to same-sex couples. The other 34 states have banned gay marriage through law, constitutional amendments, or both. For example, the Pennsylvania Governor won’t challenge overturning of same-sex marriage ban. State Attorney General Kathleen Kane has also announced that she will not defend Pennsylvanias same-sex marriage ban because of what sheRead MoreEssay on The Right to Same Sex Marriage1590 Words   |  7 PagesSame sex marriage is a highly controversial topic that has been lingering in America for some time now. The American society prides itself in the provision of equal rights and opportunities to all, yet, homosexuals continue to be discriminated against and denied their rights to marriage. It is often believe that â€Å"marriage is a commitment between two people that love each other and want to share the rest of their life side by side. It is not measured by whether it is a man and a woman, or a cou pleRead MoreShould Same-Sex Couples Be Allowed to Adopt? Essays838 Words   |  4 Pageshopes of being normal, many same-sex couples want to have a family and for some the only option is adoption. Well, same-sex adoption is not legal in most places which makes this dream for some impossible. This caused controversy between same-sex couples and the general public who believes that same-sex adoption should remain illegal. Ultimately, same-sex adoption should be legal. The same-sex controversy is one of the many results from the slow process of gay marriage becoming legalized in variousRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Debate785 Words   |  4 Pages The gay marriage debate is complex, to say the least. Bitter, emotional, and controversial are just a few words that can be used to describe it. In 2004, Massachusetts became the first state to legalize same sex marriage; since then twelve states have approved gay marriage (Shapiro). Even though some states have decided to legalize same sex marriage others are standing firm on constitutional amendments that ban it. Deciding whether or not gay couples should be allowed to marry is drawing passionRead MoreShould Same Sex Marriage Be Legalized?945 Words   |  4 PagesShould Same-Sex Marriage Be Legalized? Regardless of color, ethnicity, culture or religion, marriage has been and always have considered to be a man and a woman. This concern has been a debating and a hot topic currently in the United States politics, it is prohibited in a majority of the nation till the President have pass the law for same-sex marriage. With this question, I feel that same sex marriage should not be leg alized, but it cannot be banned. I sense that a marriage is intensely betweenRead MoreGay marriage persuasive essay1663 Words   |  7 PagesGay Marriage in the United States The debate between whether gay marriage should be legalized or not has been a controversial topic recently. In the past twelve years, equal marriage rights have been legalized in 6 states of the U.S.. Eighteen states do not allow gay marriage and do not recognize civil unions. The other twenty six states allow civil unions, and some are debating legalizing gay marriage. Gay marriage should be legal across the United States. Not allowing gay marriage in any stateRead MoreGay Marriage: Refutation Researched Argument1465 Words   |  6 Pages Gay sex marriage is the most conflicting issue in the contemporary social world. Marriage is an association of persons through which we perceive the reflection of a particular culture. It is basically a private matter and a fundamental human right. People should have the right to decide with whom they marry, not the state. If two persons are closed to each other regardless of their gender, they should be allowed to marry with each other  (Eric). Legalizing gay marriage is granting same-sex couplesRead MoreGay Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1415 Words   |  6 Pages Gay sex marriage is the most conflicting issue in the contemporary social world. Marriage is an association of persons through which we perceive the reflection of a particular culture. It is basically a private matter and a fundamental human right. People should have the right to decide with whom they mar ry, not the state. If two persons are closed to each other regardless of their gender, they should be allowed to marry with each other (Eric). Legalizing gay marriage is granting same-sex couplesRead MoreThe Right of All: Legalize Same-Sex Marriage Essay1402 Words   |  6 Pageslike the opposite sex. If someone found out about a heterosexual couple or just people playing around, they would get abused, bullied, attacked, just because of the people they choose to be with. The whole United States or maybe just a single state would be against them. They couldn’t go to church without getting judge by people who should be the most understanding, but because one man, who lived just over 2,000 years ago, wrote in a book that it’s a sin to love someone of the same sex. People live thatRead MoreEssay about Should Same-Sex Marriage Be Legalized? 1555 Words   |  7 PagesShould same-sex marriage be legalized? The same-sex marriage issue has ignited worldwide. Joseph Chamie- the previous director- and Barry Mirkin-the previous Population Policy Section Chief- of the UN’s Population Division aim to present up-to-date statistics and information on the same-sex marriage debate in â€Å"Same-Sex Marriage: A New Social Phenomenon.† They mention that same-sex marriage is a â€Å"recent phenomenon† that will possibly stick around for years in many countries because societal, religious

Affirmative Action The White Women-have Made The Greatest Gains Free Essays

â€Å"Affirmative action was orginally designed to help minorities, but women-especially white women-have made the greatest gains as a result of these programs†(Gross, 1996). Affirmative action is a growing argument among our society. It is multifaceted and very often defined vaguely. We will write a custom essay sample on Affirmative Action: The White Women-have Made The Greatest Gains or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people define affirmative action as the ability to strive for equality and inclusiveness. Others might see it as a quote-based system for different minority groups. I agree and support affirmative actions in that individual†s should be treated equally. I feel affirmative action as an assurance that the best qualified person will receive the job. Is affirmative action fair? In 1974, a woman named Rose was truned down for a supervisory job in favor of a male. She was told that she was the most qualified person, but the position was going to be filled by a man, because he had a family to support. Five years before that, when Rose was about to fill an entry-level position in bank! ing, a personnel officer outlined the woman†s pay scale, which was $25 to $50 month less than what men were being payed for the same position. Rose was furious because she felt this was descriminating to her. She confronted the personnel officer and he saw nothing wrong with it. Thanks to affirmative action today things like these situations are becoming more rare and/or corrected more quickly. Affirmative action has definately helped women and minorities in their careers, but it has yet to succed in the goal of equality to the fullest for the business world to woment and minorities. Some observers argue that women have made huge strides! with the help of affirmative action. They now hold 40 percent of all corporate middle-management jobs, and the number of women-owned businesses has grown by 57 percent since 1982†³(Blackwood, 1995). â€Å"Affirmative action was desinged to give qualified minorities a chance to compete on equal footing with Whites† (Chappell, 1995). Equal opportunities for the blacks, for the most part, has remained more wishful-thinking than fact. Black students are continuing to struggle to seek an education, black business owners are still competing against their White counterparts, and black workers are experienceing an unemployment rate twice that of Whites and hold dead-end, labor-intensive, low-paying jobs. â€Å"Few can argue that racism is still rampant in awarding craontcts, jobs, and educational opportunities, eventhough it†s been proven benefical to have peop[le of different races with different ideas and different experiences working toward the same goal† (Chappell, 1995). The employment outlook for minorities is grim, but not hopeless. We definaltely need affirmative action to overcome the disparities of employment that exist int his country. A recent Urban Benchmarks† study found that of 71 metro areas surveyed nationwide, Pittsburgh had the highest rate of employment-related problems among non-Hispanic whites between! the ages of 25 and 54 and the sixth highest rate among African Americans in the same age group. We have a lot of problems with basic education here and if you don†t have basic education, you have no chance of getting a good job because competition is increasing for everyone. We must make sure that we educate our potential work force, including minorities, or our competitive edge, if we have one, will continue to decline in golbal markets. Many jobs today are in the technician and technologist area. â€Å"Jobs require more than a high-school diploma,but less than a four-year degree–such as an associate degree or certificate fro! m a vocational or trade school† (Kovatch, 1996). As more and more women faced discrimination in large firms, more decided to strike out on their own. In conclusion, most Americans know that the deck is stacked against poor kids. They also realize that, because of past discrimination, an extraordinary number of those facing unequal opportunities are black. So, while 75 percent of Americans oppose racial preferences, according to a 1995 Washington Post/ABC poll, two-thirds with to â€Å"change† affirmative actionprograms rather than â€Å"do away with them entirely†. But the public also realized that, in real life, the legacy of discrimination is not always so neat. It is diffuse, and it requires a broader remedy. How to cite Affirmative Action: The White Women-have Made The Greatest Gains, Papers Affirmative Action The White Women-have Made The Greatest Gains Free Essays â€Å"Affirmative action was orginally designed to help minorities, but women-especially white women-have made the greatest gains as a result of these programs†(Gross, 1996). Affirmative action is a growing argument among our society. It is multifaceted and very often defined vaguely. We will write a custom essay sample on Affirmative Action: The White Women-have Made The Greatest Gains or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many people define affirmative action as the ability to strive for equality and inclusiveness. Others might see it as a quote-based system for different minority groups. I agree and support affirmative actions in that individual†s should be treated equally. I feel affirmative action as an assurance that the best qualified person will receive the job. Is affirmative action fair? In 1974, a woman named Rose was truned down for a supervisory job in favor of a male. She was told that she was the most qualified person, but the position was going to be filled by a man, because he had a family to support. Five years before that, when Rose was about to fill an entry-level position in bank! ng, a personnel officer outlined the woman†s pay scale, which was $25 to $50 month less than what men were being payed for the same position. Rose was furious because she felt this was descriminating to her. She confronted the personnel officer and he saw nothing wrong with it. Thanks to affirmative action today things like these situations are becoming more rare and/or corrected more quickly. Affirmative action has definately helped women and minorities in their careers, but it has yet to succed in the goal of equality to the fullest for the business world to woment and minorities. Some observers argue that women have made huge strides! with the help of affirmative action. They now hold 40 percent of all corporate middle-management jobs, and the number of women-owned businesses has grown by 57 percent since 1982†³(Blackwood, 1995). â€Å"Affirmative action was desinged to give qualified minorities a chance to compete on equal footing with Whites† (Chappell, 1995). Equal opportunities for the blacks, for the most part, has remained more wishful-thinking than fact. Black students are continuing to struggle to seek an education, black business owners are still competing against their White counterparts, and black workers are experienceing an unemployment rate twice that of Whites and hold dead-end, labor-intensive, low-paying jobs. â€Å"Few can argue that racism is still rampant in awarding craontcts, jobs, and educational opportunities, eventhough it†s been proven benefical to have peop[le of different races with different ideas and different experiences working toward the same goal† (Chappell, 1995). The employment outlook for minorities is grim, but not hopeless. We definaltely need affirmative action to overcome the disparities of employment that exist int his country. A recent Urban Benchmarks† study found that of 71 metro areas surveyed nationwide, Pittsburgh had the highest rate of employment-related problems among non-Hispanic whites between! the ages of 25 and 54 and the sixth highest rate among African Americans in the same age group. We have a lot of problems with basic education here and if you don†t have basic education, you have no chance of getting a good job because competition is increasing for everyone. We must make sure that we educate our potential work force, including minorities, or our competitive edge, if we have one, will continue to decline in golbal markets. Many jobs today are in the technician and technologist area. â€Å"Jobs require more than a high-school diploma,but less than a four-year degree–such as an associate degree or certificate fro! m a vocational or trade school† (Kovatch, 1996). As more and more women faced discrimination in large firms, more decided to strike out on their own. In conclusion, most Americans know that the deck is stacked against poor kids. They also realize that, because of past discrimination, an extraordinary number of those facing unequal opportunities are black. So, while 75 percent of Americans oppose racial preferences, according to a 1995 Washington Post/ABC poll, two-thirds with to â€Å"change† affirmative actionprograms rather than â€Å"do away with them entirely†. But the public also realized that, in real life, the legacy of discrimination is not always so neat. It is diffuse, and it requires a broader remedy. How to cite Affirmative Action: The White Women-have Made The Greatest Gains, Essay examples

Enterprise Architecture Essay Paper Example For Students

Enterprise Architecture Essay Paper February 12, 2011 This article includes my thoughts about the business architecture, Cloud Computing, Business Process Management (BPML), and Business Rules. This article consists of a conversation between the CIO and Enterprise Architect. It is a product of my imagination. CIO: I dont want you to use the word consolidation. Instead, use the word integration. I am worried that someone will think that we are working on the consolidation of programs or organizations, rather than improving our architecture to serve the business. Again, I dont want you to get involved in discussions about hanging the organization structure of the agency. How do you see your roll vs.. The rolls of the other directors? Enterprise Architect: I would like to support them with the knowledge I have at my disposal, but they are not interested. One day they may realize how they can use the Enterprise Architecture. I think of Enterprise Architecture as the substructure, which supports the business, the superstructure. The Director of Capital Planning and Investment Control should use the Enterprise Architecture migration plan to formulate future investments. A portion of the Enterprise Architecture has security concerns, including all 4 layers: cuisines, applications, data, and technology. We develop standards for all layers of the Enterprise Architecture, except business standards; although, we may be asked to coordinate some business standards. Both communications and security should use the models contained in the Enterprise Architecture Framework or propose changes to the models in the framework. CIO: What do you want me to do? Enterprise Architect: Get the cooperation of your direct reports. CIO: You will get it. Go over the business architecture, current architecture, and target architectures again. Enterprise Architect: The comparison between the business and current architecture is the foundation for the data, applications, and technology target architectures. This comparison answers the question, Are we satisfying our business requirements in the current architecture? The business architecture or model includes the following: Defines the mission and objectives, long-range strategies, tactical plans, performance measures, budgets, and business rules. Why) Defines the information and data that is shared, monitored, and tracked. (What) Defines the activities that are performed and a description of each. How) Defines the organizations and actors performing the activities. (Who) Defines where the activities are performed. (Where) Defines the business cycles and when activities or processes are performed. (When) In the business architecture, we develop mappings between all 6 of the Coach man interrogatories, including who, what, when, where, why, and how. The business architecture is mapped to the current architecture, and then opportunities for improvement are documented. Targets are developed for data, applications, and the technology layers of the architecture using the business architecture and other analyses. The business architecture constitutes our requirements at the agency level. CIO: This is the first time I have heard about opportunities for improvement. Are you going to produce a report with recommendations as a result of the comparison between the business architecture and the current architecture? Enterprise Architect: Yes. Here is the way it works: Create the Business Architecture We produce a business architecture, which reflects the current way of doing business and contains all sorts of information and data associated with the 6 interrogatives in the Coachman Framework. We also develop mappings between the interrogatives. The business architecture describes the current business practices, including, data, processes, etc. Map the Business Architecture to the Current Architecture and Identify Opportunities for Improvement We propose a draft listing of the conceptual projects and associated common applications/components and data objects and progressively refine it. We produce a current architecture, which tells us about the existing systems. We map the business architecture to the current architecture and we may find out, for example, that there are a large number of current systems associated with a single activity or no systems associated with other activities. All current projects are mapped to the conceptual projects. Create the Data, Applications, and Technology Target Architectures based on the Business Architecture and Other Analyses We produce data, applications, and technology target architectures, which are partially based on the business architecture. Also, we use BPML, technology forecasts, judgments about the future uses and characteristics of information, opportunities to automate aspects of work, future business trends, new 2 goals/objectives and plans, etc. As the basis for coming up with the target architectures. Compare the Current Architecture with the Target Architectures and Produce a Gap Analysis and a Migration Plan The business architecture helps us to evaluate the present and to propose the future. We use the business architecture as a resource wherever we can; for example, it might contribute to BPML and business rules and visa versa. We are concentrating on an application architecture now, and we will issue several versions. As more analyses are completed, we will refine the applications architecture. We will move to data and technology layers soon. CIO: How do I know what you are going to include in each version? Enterprise Architect: There is no overall version plan. We probably should include BPML in the second version of the applications architecture. We previously developed a longer plan to implement Enterprise Architecture. CIO: I think that there should be a version plan. Also, soon is not an adequate answer. I am beginning to be irritated with the staggered development of the Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise Architect: We can come up with a version plan, and give you the long-term plan for the completion of the application, data, and technology target architectures. CIO: You are going to produce a report entitled: Opportunities for Improvement after you have completed the business architecture and have compared it with the current architecture. Maybe you should consider it a rolling stone and Just keep updating it. Essay on Online Dating Should Not Be A Source EssayFinally, there are a number of 5 key data models that contain very important processes. All of this can be used to kick start BPML. BPML takes considerable time and effort to create improved processes, particularly if you are going to select a preferred alternative from a comparison of similar processes. A process may be undertaken in many ways by the bureaus, using different combinations of activities, data, people, time limitations, goals, objectives, and business rules. CIO: Following up on a comment you previously made, I want the citizen to have more responsibility. I think you are the logical person to do BPML. Enterprise Architect: In addition to the 40 value streams and other scenarios, we developed data models which include processes. In the data model Customers place orders, place orders is the process. We have tons of data models of this sort. I am willing to identify business rules associated with these data models. However, I think we need to depend on our BPML community to do BPML. CIO: There is no BPML community. I am afraid that you are it. I count on you to explore ways to improve how we can further serve the business. Talk to me about business rules. What do business rules have to do with BPML? Enterprise Architect: Business rules are important because you can change the behavior of the organization by changing the business rules. Both business rules and BPML focus on processes. According to Ron Ross, A business rule sets limitations and controls on a process. I have prepared an enclosure that explains business rules. (See: Enclosure (2)). You will note that both BPML and Enterprise Architecture use similar language. Additionally, I did not identify the business rules as part of business architecture and I think this was a mistake. John Coachman classifies business rules in his framework at a lower level. However, I no longer agree with this. I believe that the data model, processes, and business rules are closely interconnected and are critical to defining the business architecture. CIO: Maybe John Coachman wanted us to first develop the data models and later add the business rules to them. Just give me a plan for the versions that includes the ideas we have discussed. Also, when the time comes, I am not going to stop any of the existing projects. The new project managers can sort this out. Finally, I have assembled some Youth videos on Enterprise Architecture, BPML, and business rules. (See: Enclosure (3)) What I would like you to do is take a look at them, and come up with your own videos. If you want to hire experts to do the video that is fine. Maybe we should start with Enterprise Architecture. Enterprise Architect: Okay. George Brigandage received a B. A. From Wright State University and M. A. From the University of Cincinnati. He retired in June 2004, from the federal government and 6 lives in Ocean View, Delaware, and Alexandria, Virginia. He was an Enterprise Architect at the Department of the Treasury and the Department of Homeland Security. Before that, he Emceed the Architectures Program for several years at the General Services Administration (AS) and the Department of the Treasury. He may e reached at cell 703. 772. 7410 and at George. [emailprotected] Com. His articles are on the web at http://enterprisearchitectureit. Info. 7 Enclosure (1) Business Process Management This table summarizes the key points from the following publications. The categories in this table are merely groupings of BPML actions that were mentioned in the publications: President Beams book, The Audacity of Hope, published in 2006. Customer Service Excellence, Using Information Technologies to Improve Service Delivery in Government, Harvard University, 1994. Citizen-Enabling Open Government (EEOC) Executive Summary for ideas. This report was produced by ACT-IAC Enterprise Architecture Shared Interest Group (SIGH), September 2010. ) Federal Government Business Process Reengineering: Lessons Learned, February 1994, published by AS. Categories Share information and effectively manage programs. Responsive to citizens needs. Treat all with dignity and What BPML Has Done or Might Do Share information and data. Increase integration and standardization to prevent fragmentation. Provide one face to the citizens. Develop data standards and business rules. Provide suites of commonly shared services. Use technology effectively . Develop a citizen service strategy that includes technology, human resources, skill development, and incentives. Provide timely response to the citizen. Develop performance measures, associated with ended-end processes and outcomes. Take ownership of the entire process. Describe the business or make it explicit. (See: Identify the needs of the citizens. Use multiple vehicles to communicate with the public, including: web sites, videos (The success of Youth, which provides some degree of video training, is astounding. ), and video teleconferencing. Use focus groups, surveys. Provide the public with access to the governments databases. Provide education and training, includin g long distance 8 respect. Provide the same level of service to all. Gather needed information. Clearly explain things. Develop effective and efficient processes and use technology creatively. Do things better, faster, and cheaper. Protect the public from harm. Give citizens their moneys worth. Education, so citizens can obtain the benefits they need and budget for innovative training. Develop standards and consistently apply business rules (Business rules must be transparent, consistent, ND explicit to enable effective regulation. ) Provide language services. Use alternative locations and organizations like libraries and kiosks to obtain information and distribute benefits.